Effect of edaravone dexborneol on anxious-and depressive-like behaviors and its mechanism in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To observe the effect of edaravone dexborneol on anxiety and depression after stroke in rats, and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Totally 120 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham), ischemia-reperfusion group (MCAO), edaravone group (Eda) and edaravone dexborneol group (ED) with 30 in each group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by thread occlusion.Rats in ED group and Eda group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone(8 mg·kg -1·d -1) and edaravone dexborneol(edaravone 8 mg·kg -1·d -1, dexborneol 2 mg·kg -1·d -1) respectively.And rats in the other two groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline.Some rats were killed after continuous administration for 3 days to detect molecular indexes, and the remaining rats were tested for behavior after continuous administration for 14 days.The levels of neclear factor κB(NF-κB)、phosphorylated NF-κB(p-NF-κB)、tumor necrosis α(TNF-α)、interleukin 1β(IL-1β) were detected by Western blot.The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, cluster of differentiation 86(CD86), cluster of differentiation 206(CD206), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were detected by RT-qPCR.M1 type microglia labeled with CD68, microglia labeled with ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1) and neurons labeled with microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2) were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The cerebral infarction volume was measured by TTC staining.Depression and anxiety behavior after stroke in rats was observed by the open field test and elevated plus maze test.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison, and LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:(1) The behavioral results showed that 14 days after ischemia-reperfusion, the number of entering into the open arm, the time spent in the open arm, and the time spent in the central area of the open field in the MCAO group were lower than those in the sham group ( t=20.77, 6.02, 14.63, all P<0.05). The number of entering into the open arm, the time spent in the open arm, and the time spent in the central area of the field in the ED group ( (16.22±0.49) times, (69.11±17.08) s, (3.80±0.37) s) were higher than those in the MCAO group ( (8.14±0.60) times, (41.18±9.81) s, (0.33±0.39) s) ( t=4.69, 0.38, 2.27, all P<0.05) and Eda group ( (11.11±0.26) times, (45.26±17.16) s, (1.14±0.19) s) ( t=8.63, 2.50, 7.86, all P<0.05). (2) Western blot results showed that 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the MCAO group were higher than those in the sham group ( t=15.35, 12.35, 7.23, all P<0.05). The levels of p-NF-κB/NF-κB (0.49±0.02), TNF-α (0.73±0.03), IL-1β (0.61±0.01) of ischemic penumbra cortex in ED group were significantly lower than those of the MCAO group ( (1.14±0.05), (1.13±0.07), (1.34±0.14)) ( t=14.58, 7.86, 5.65, all P<0.05) and Eda group ( (0.93±0.03), (0.89±0.02), (1.04±0.36) ) ( t=9.82, 3.07, 3.30, all P<0.05). (3) RT-qPCR results showed that the level of TNF-α mRNA (1.98±0.18), IL-1β mRNA (2.00±0.35), CD86 mRNA (1.56±0.20) and iNOS mRNA (2.01±0.12) in the peri-infarct cortex of ED group were lower than those in the MCAO group ( (5.12±0.24), ( 8.15±0.22), (6.03±0.13), (7.20±0.09) ) ( t=7.86, 16.88, 16.55, 37.25, all P<0.05) and Eda group ( (2.85±0.07), (5.43±0.26), (2.67±0.27), (3.58±0.11) ) ( t=3.71, 9.41, 4.13, 11.30, all P<0.05). The level of CD206 mRNA in the peri-infarct cortex of the ED group (3.98±0.25) was higher than that in the MCAO group (2.00±0.11) ( t=7.08, P<0.05) and Eda group (3.17±0.09) ( t=3.25, P<0.05). (4) The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the ratio of polarized M1 microglia in the peri-infarct cortex and striatum in the ED group ((20.36±9.23)%, (18.26±5.98)%)were lower than those in the MCAO group ( (83.69±12.79)%, (61.25±33.26)%) ( t=5.23, 3.02, both P<0.05) and Eda group((42.16±13.13)%, (40.23±14.22)%)( t=3.12, 2.08, both P<0.05). In addition, the number of neurons marked with MAP2 of peri-infarct cortex in the MCAO group was lower than that in the sham group( t=8.02, P<0.05), and the number of neurons marded with MAP2 of peri-infarct cortex in the ED group ((53.07±17.90) /scope) was higher than that in the MCAO group ( (26.27±9.95) /scope) ( t=6.89, P<0.05) and Eda group ( (38.69±12.03)/scope) ( t=5.26, P<0.05). (5) The results of TTC staining showed that the cerebral infarction volume in ED group ( (10.31±1.03)%) was lower than that in the MCAO group ( (34.71±1.74)%) ( t=15.31, P<0.05) and Eda group ( (26.05±1.00)%) ( t=9.88, P<0.05). Conclusion:Edaravone dexborneol can alleviate anxiety and depression in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which may be related to the inhibition of M1 microglial polarization, the down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the enhancement of neuronal structural stability.