Risk factors of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture / 中华创伤杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.Methods:A case-control study was used to analyze the clinical data of 99 geriatric patients with hip fracture admitted to Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University between November 2020 and August 2021. There were 29 males and 70 females, aged 67-96 years [(82.6±6.2)years]. The patients were divided into hypoxemia group ( n=51) and non-hypoxemia group ( n=48) using partial arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2)<80 mmHg while breathing room air at emergency as the reference standard. The two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, fracture types, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT [atelectasis, pleural effusion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], time from injury to visit, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, Barthel index, KATZ index, modified Medicine Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, numeric rating scale (NRS), smoking, drinking, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson′s disease, Alzheimer′s disease, cerebral infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease), body temperature, blood routine test at first examination (erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin), biochemistry (serum albumin, blood glucose, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), electrolyte (serum potassium, serum sodium), and other related examinations [D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), lactic acid]. Univariate analysis was performed to the correlation of those indicators with preoperative hypoxemia. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Results:Differences in sex, age, fracture types, BMI, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT, time from injury to visit, Barthel index, KATZ index, NRS, smoking, drinking, comorbidities, body temperature, first laboratory results of erythrocyte count, biochemistry, electrolyte and other related examinations were not statistically significant between the two groups (all P>0.05). The two groups showed statistical differences in ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination, C-reaction protein and hemoglobin (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination and C-reaction protein were correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regressions analysis indicated that higher mMRC dyspnea scale ( OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.10-4.81, P<0.05), higher leukocyte count at first examination ( OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45, P<0.05), higher level of C-reaction protein ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P<0.05) and higher level of hemoglobin ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Conclusion:Higher mMRC dyspnea scale, higher leukocyte count, higher level of C-reaction protein and higher level of hemoglobin are independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.