Identification of risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis based on a retrospective longitudinal monitoring cohort study / 中华健康管理学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objectives:To investigate the risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis based on a retrospective longitudinal monitoring cohort study of healthy subjects during physical examinations.Methods:From 2005 to 2019, a total of 3 344 healthy adults who received at least five routine physical examinations at the Beijing Physical Examination Center and had no carotid atherosclerosis for the first time were selected as the research objects, including 1 714 males (51.25%).The average age of the male and female participants was 47.14 and 47.56 years old, respectively. A retrospective longitudinal monitoring cohort was established and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis was documented during the follow-up. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors related to carotid atherosclerosis.Results:At the follow-up of 5.17 years, 2 038 patients had developed carotid atherosclerosis (60.94%, 66.69% in males and 54.91% in females). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that advanced age (>60 years old, HR=18.973, 95% CI 12.353-29.139), female ( HR=0.639, 95% CI 0.582-0.701), hypertension ( HR=1.166, 95% CI 1.047-1.298), and low estimated glomerular filtration rate ( HR=1.011, 95% CI 1.009-1.013) were associated with the onset of carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusions:The main factors influencing the development of carotid atherosclerosis included age, sex, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.