Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Shoulder

ABSTRACT

Shoulder joint involvement is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the clinical manifestations are nonspecific.Shoulder joint destruction in the patients with RA gradually occurs, resulting in decreased function. In rheumatoid shoulder, loss of cartilage and soft tissue degeneration coexists with pain and reduced range of motion. To avoid the joint destruction, early detection of inflammation in the shoulder joints is necessary. Therefore, shoulder involvement should be checked routinely and detected early. Radiograph of the rheumatoid shoulder provides essential guidance for treatment decisions. The development of glenohumeral joint space narrowing on radiograph is a turning point that indicates a risk of rapid joint destruction. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for assessing the lesions and guiding the treatment strategy. The goals of treatment in rheumatoid shoulder are to relieve pain and to restore function. This is accomplished by early detection, proper medication, intervention, rehabilitation, and operation.