An explanation of the hidden names of the “Four medical tantras” / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

ABSTRACT

@#It is important to study ancient medical books written by the aforetime Mongolian doctors and deeply realize scientific based concepts in these books and understand the reference and deep meaning medical secret of the traditional doctors which are the basis of the traditional medical development of 21st century. </br> The main research direction to address this issue is to study and develop traditional medicines.</br> Especially, misinterpreted crude drugs and traditional medicinal formulas that are less studies in pharmacology lead to meaning confusion and this confusion causes bad influence in the treatment result. It is impossible to supply growing demand of traditional medicine among the population and expand categories of medicines and develop traditional medical sector efficiently without interpreting raw materials of traditional medical medicines with correct meaning and identifying its usage and benefit accurately.@*Goal and objectives of the research @#The goal of the research is to study the hidden names explanation and interpretation to title of the “Four Medical Tantras”. @*Research materials@#We have used following materials as main source wooden crafted Tibetan book called བདུད་རྩི་ སྙིང་པོ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་གསང་བ་མན་ངག་གི་རྒྱུད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ། (Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantras) and its interpretation books as well as དག་ཡིག་མཁས་པའི་འབྱུང་གནས The Monumental Buddhist Terminology Lexicon. @*Methods @#</br> 1. Books and documents research method </br> 2. Analysis and synthesis method@*Results@#Mongolian nomadic nation has created the medicine study sector which is suitable for the extreme weather and territory, unique living condition and physical characteristics while struggling to fight diseases during historical long period. Gradually, this study has created comprehensive understanding of knowledge with content, theory and unique names due to the thinking scope of the Mongolians and cognition development and thus using it in their everyday lives and continuing to enrich it. </br> Mongolians have classified translation into the following four categories since the ancient times traditional translation, translation of component (translation of components of sentence), translation of articles (translation of word, meaning and section), translation of number (translation number images, and symbols). We tried to translate the name “Four medical tantras” by interpreting the article or meaning.</br> The full name of the “Four Medical Tantras” is called “Amrita Hiradaya Anga Ata Guya Upadesha Tantra Name” in the ancient Indian education language or book language. The sages of Tibet of Western Snow Mountains named the literature བདུད་རྩི་སྙིང་པོ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་གསང་བ་མན་ངག་གི་རྒྱུད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།.</br> The Sanskrit translation of this literature has not been disseminated among Mongolians during that time. Therefore, based on the Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit name, we call it Рашааны зүрхэн найман гишүүнт нууц увдисын үндэс” in Mongolia. We have explained the hidden names in each of the words in this title.@*Conclusion@#Mongolian nationals and nomads have established a medical system adapted to the characteristics of land, harsh climate, and specific conditions of lifestyle during their fight against diseases in historical period.</br> In the long run, this science has developed a comprehensive understanding of content, theories and the unique terminology by the influence of scope of thinking as well as the cognitive development of Mongolians. This understanding is used in everyday lives and further enriched. </br> As we define the hidden names of literature title, “Four Medical Tantras” based on medical dictionaries and descriptive works, it is of significance to learn the traditional medical knowledge with foundation and enrich teaching materials of traditional medicine.