Design and Validation of Web-Based or Online Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT

@#This article aimed to review the design features of web-based or online FFQ developed for adults and statistical analysis used in the validation, comparison, or reproducibility studies. The search identified 863 articles, and 29 studies met the criteria. The number of food list ranges from 12 to 279 items. The food portion size was estimated using images or a standard portion size using household measurement. Web-based FFQ was validated with other dietary assessment tools, Block FFQ and biomarker. Comparison study of web-based FFQ was done using paper-based FFQ and interviewed-administered FFQ. Two studies conducted validation and comparison study using other dietary assessment methods, biomarker and paper-based FFQ. Seven studies conducted reproducibility studies. Overall, webbased FFQs showed acceptable validity with the respective reference method and good reproducibility. Strategies to improve the application of current evidence on best practices in designing and validating a web-based FFQ can improve nutritional epidemiology studies.