A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in health examination adults / 中华健康管理学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A total of 42 223 subjects who received annual physical examination from January to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, a cross-sectional study was conducted. They were divided into CKD patients and healthy control groups. The basic information of the subjects was collected by questionnaire, including age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking history, drinking history, physical exercise and previous disease history, etc. The height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure of the subjects were measured through physical examination, and laboratory indicators including fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood uric acid, creatinine and urine routine were collected. The influencing factors of CKD were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:A total of 42 223 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of CKD was 5.62%, with 7.77% in males and 3.39% in females. The prevalence of CKD increased with age. The prevalence of CKD was the highest in ≥80 years old (25.84%), followed by 70-79 years old (13.08%), the prevalence of CKD in males was higher than that in females in all age groups. Most of the detected CKD patients were in the early stage (stage 1-2), and the total prevalence of early CKD was 5.13%, and the total prevalence of stage 3-5 was 0.49%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 70-79 years old ( OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.17-2.27),≥80 years old ( OR 0.82, 95% CI 2.61-5.91), male ( OR 1.55, 95% CI 2.61-5.91), high diastolic blood pressure ( OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.007-1.021), high fasting blood glucose level ( OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.27), SUA ( OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002), hypertension ( OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23-1.68), coronary heart disease ( OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.69) and stroke ( OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.09-2.43) were independent risk factors for CKD (all P<0.05); Physical activity 15-30 min/day ( OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.93),>60 min/day ( OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96) was a protective factor for the prevalence of CKD (all P<0.05) Conclusion:The prevalence of CKD in the health check-up population is low, and most of them are in the early stage of the disease. The prevalence of CKD is related to male, old age, physical exercise, elevated diastolic blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood uric acid, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.