Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos sobre crecimiento, supervivencia y microbiota gastrointestinal, en juveniles del pectínido Argopecten ventricosus / Effect of homeopathic medicines on growth, survival and gastrointestinal microbiota of juvenile scallop Argopecten ventricosus

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Objetivo. Estudiar el efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) de almeja Catarina Argopecten ventricosus. Materiales y Métodos. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos homeopáticos derivados de bacterias [(T1) ViP-ViA 1D, (T2) ViP-ViA 7C], minerales [(T3) AcF-MsS 1D, (T4) PhA-SiT 7C], o venenos [(T5) ViT 31C] y tres controles (C1) etanol diluido 199, (C2) etanol dinamizado 1C y (C3) agua destilada. La microbiota se determinó secuenciando la región V3-V5 del gen 16S rRNA. Resultados. El mayor crecimiento en longitud de la concha correspondió a T1 (117 µm d-1) y T2 (108 µm d-1), la mayor supervivencia a T3 y T5 y el mejor resultado global a T3. Las curvas de rarefacción de los grupos tratados y controles mostraron una clara separación. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) entre filos (Proteobacteria > Actinobacteria > Firmicutes > Bacterloidetes> Chloroflexi y para los Géneros Symbiobacterium > Microbacterium > Methylobacillus > Bacillus > Paenibacillus > Burkholderia > Nostoc > Methylobacterium > Leucobacter). El género Symbiobacterium fue dominante (p≤0.05) para T5, respecto a todos los tratamientos y grupos controles. La especie Microbacterium maritypicum (Actinobacteria) mostró la mayor abundancia relativa (p≤0.05) en T1 y T3 y Symbiobacterium toebii (Firmicutes) en T5 y T2 (p≤0.05), ambas con respecto al inicio del estudio T0. Conclusiones. Se presenta por primera vez la composición de la microbiota del TGI de A. ventricosus y la aplicabilidad potencial de la homeopatía para mejorar el rendimiento productivo y modular la microbiota gastrointestinal de la especie.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To study the effect of homeopathic medicines on growth, survival and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota of Catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus. Materials and methods. Five homeopathic (HOM) treatments derived from bacteria [(T1) ViP-ViA 1D, (T2) ViP-ViA 7C], minerals [(T3) AcF-MsS 1D, (T4) PhA-SiT 7C] or venoms [T5) ViT 31C] and three controls [(C1) diluted ethanol 199, (C2) diluted/succussed ethanol 1C and (C3) distilled water] were evaluated (21 days) in triplicate. Microbiota was analysed by sequencing the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Results. The best growth in shell-length corresponded to T1 (117 µm d-1) and T2 (108 µm d-1) and the highest survival to T3 and T5, stating T3 as the best HOM-treatment. A clear separation was found in rarefaction curves of HOM-treated against un-treated control scallops. Significant differences (p≤0.05) were found for Phyla (Proteobacteria> Actinobacteria> Firmicutes> Bacterloidetes>Chloroflexi and for Genera Symbiobacterium> Microbacterium> Methylobacillus> Bacillus> Paenibacillus> Burkholderia> Nostoc> Methylobacterium> Leucobacter). The genus Symbiobacterium was dominant in T5, finding significant differences (p≤0.05) with respect to all treatments. At species level, Microbacterium maritypicum (Actinobacteria) showed a greater relative abundance (p≤0.05) in T1 and T3 and Symbiobacterium toebii (Firmicutes) was also significantly higher (p≤0.05) in abundance in T5 and T2, both against initial T0. Conclusions. This study showed for a first time, the composition of GIT microbiota in A. ventricosus and focused on the potential applicability of homeopathy to improve overall performance and modulate the GIT microbiota of the species.