Factores asociados al incumplimiento del despistaje oportuno con papanicolaou en la detección temprana del cáncer de cérvix en un centro poblado rural / Associated factors with non-compliance with Pap smear test timely screening for the early detection of cervical cancer in a rural community

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al incumplimiento del despistaje oportuno con Papanicolaou (PAP) en la detección temprana de cáncer de cérvix. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó estudio transversal analítico, en mujeres entre 21 a 29 años atendidas en un Centro de Salud de la zona rural de Lima, Perú. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, percepciones de cáncer de cérvix e incumplimiento de realizarse la prueba de PAP (falta de PAP en últimos tres años). Resultados: Se estudiaron a 130 mujeres de 25,4 ± 2,9 años, donde el 53,85% (N=70) eran incumplidas en PAP. Los factores asociados al incumplimiento de PAP fueron la percepción de susceptibilidad de desarrollar cáncer de cérvix (RP [razón de prevalencias] 0,15; IC 95% 0,04 - 0,49), percepción de barreras para realizarse el PAP (RP 3,95; IC 95% 1,34 - 11,60), y la percepción de realizarse el PAP (RP 9,22; IC 95% 2,78 - 30;51). Conclusiones: Existe una frecuencia elevada de incumplimiento de PAP, los cuales están principalmente asociadas a las percepciones sobre el cáncer de cérvix.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine factor associated with non compliance with Pap smear timely screening for the early detection of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in women between 21 and 29 years of age seen at a Health Care Center. Sociodemographic variables were assessed, as well as their perceptions on cervical cancer and non-compliance with the Pap smear test (not having the test performed for the last 3 years). Results: One-hundred and thirty women aged 25.4 ± 2.9 years of age were assessed, and 53.8% did not comply with Pap smear testing. Factors associated with non compliance were as follows perception for susceptibility for developing cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR]= 0.15; 95% IC 0.04-0.49; p= 0.002), perception of barriers for having Pap smear test performed (OR= 3.95; 95% CI 1.34-11.60; p= 0.013), and perceptions on having a Pap smear test performed (OR 9.22; 95% CI 2.78-30.51; p<0.001). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of non-compliance with Pap smear testing, being this associated with perceptions about cervical cancer.