Use of an Alternative Oxygen High-Flow Nasal Cannula Device for Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure in an Adult Emergency Department in Argentina. Quasi-Experimental Study

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe changes observed in respiratory rate, heart rate and dyspnea score before and after using an alternative highflow nasal cannula device in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in an Emergency Department. Materials and Method: Quasi-experimental, retrospective study with adult patients who went to the Emergency Department with clinical signs of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Data from respiratory rate, heart rate and dyspnea score were gathered from the electronic medical records of the patients both before and after using a Venturi device connected to a high-flow nasal cannula system two hours. Result: 43 patients were included. The mean age was 64.7 years (SD 16). The main cause of respiratory failure was pneumonia in 18 patients (42%). We observed a decrease of 8 breaths per minute (p < .001) in the respiratory rate, and 7 beats per minute (p < .001) in the heart rate; and there was a 2-point decrease in the dyspnea score (p < .001). Conclusions: We observed a significant decrease in the three variables under study in patients who went to the Emergency Department with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, using a non-conventional oxygen therapy device, which could become useful in countries with limited resources or in cases of overcrowding, so common in the Emergency Departments