Eficacia de las escalas Mechanistic-Score y COVID-19 Mortality Risk para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 / Efficacy of the Mechanistic Score and COVID-19 Mortality Risk scales to assess the risk of mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas se asocian a riesgo mayor de mortalidad por COVID-19. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de las escalas Mechanistic Score y COVID-19 Mortality Risk para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio comparativo, observacional, retrospectivo. Se valoró la tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes positivos a COVID-19, mediante la comparación de las dos escalas, de acuerdo con información de los expedientes de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital de especialidades. Resultados: Se evaluaron 221 pacientes, 61 % hombres y 39 % mujeres; 89 % presentó alguna comorbilidad obesidad (88 %), hipertensión (40 %), diabetes mellitus (31 %) y cáncer (6 %). Al egreso, 65 % sobrevivió. La escala COVID-19 Mortality Risk presentó sensibilidad de 79 % y especificidad de 88 % para predecir riesgo de mortalidad. Respecto al riesgo bajo, Mechanistic Score presentó sensibilidad y especificidad de 24 y 97 %, respectivamente; 44 y 97 % respecto al riesgo leve, 57 y 77 % en el riesgo moderado, 95 y 91 % en el riesgo alto y 100 y 100 % en el riesgo muy alto. Conclusión: La escala COVID-19 Mortality Risk presenta eficacia mayor que Mechanistic Score para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Chronic diseases are associated with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Objective: To compare the efficacy of the Mechanistic Score and COVID-19 Mortality Risk scales for assessing the risk of mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: Comparative, observational, retrospective study. The mortality rate of COVID-19-positive patients was assessed by comparing both scales, according to information obtained from the records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a specialty hospital. Results: Two-hundred and twenty-one patients were evaluated, out of whom 61% were men and 39% were women; 89% had comorbidity obesity (88%), hypertension (40%), diabetes mellitus (31%) and cancer (6%). At discharge, 65% survived. The COVID-19 Mortality Risk scale showed a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 88% for predicting mortality risk. In patients with low risk, the Mechanistic Score showed a sensitivity and specificity of 24 and 97%, respectively; in cases with mild risk, 44 and 97%; with moderate risk, 57 and 77%; with high risk, 95 and 91%; and with remarkably high risk, 100 and 100%. Conclusion: The COVID-19 Mortality Risk scale has higher efficacy than the Mechanistic Score for assessing mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.