Riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes escolarizados / Risk of suicide in schooled adolescents

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: El riesgo de suicidio aumenta durante la adolescencia por factores que actúan acumulativamente. El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores asociados al peligro de suicidio en adolescentes escolarizados. Materiales y métodos: En una muestra de 565 adolescentes escolarizados se midió el riesgo de suicidio a través de la escala de Plutchick y se identificó su asociación con el género, funcionamiento familiar, ser víctima de desplazamiento forzado, tener antecedentes familiares de intento y/o suicidio consumado, síntomas psiquiátricos, dependencia a sustancias psicoactivas, acoso escolar y adicción al internet, por medio de la aplicación de instrumentos válidos y confiables. Resultados: Un 28,8 % de los adolescentes escolarizados presentó riesgo de suicidio. La mayoría de los factores estudiados se asociaron al riesgo de suicidio, tales como el género (χ² = 14,539a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), víctima de desplazamiento (χ² = 4,095a; gl = 1; p = 0,043), antecedentes familiares de suicidio e intento de suicidio (χ² = 54,891a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), funcionalidad familiar (χ² = 82,819a; gl = 3; p = 0,000), síntomas psiquiátricos (χ² = 187,915a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), consumo de riesgo de marihuana (χ² = 6,830a; gl = 1; p = 0,009), cocaína (χ² = 6,023a; gl = 1; p = 0,014) y tranquilizantes (χ² = 6,354a; gl = 1; p = 0,012), acoso escolar (χ² = 8,754a; gl = 1; p = 0,003) y adicción al internet (χ² = 16,486a; gl = 1; p = 0,000). Conclusión: El riesgo de suicidio en los adolescentes escolarizados está asociado a varios factores, es decir es un fenómeno multifactorial, por lo que se sugiere estrategias integrales de prevención con enfoque de gestión integral de riesgos, que permitan identificar tempranamente el riesgo de suicidio para priorizar las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas como parte integral del proceso educativo de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The risk of suicide increases during adolescence due to risk factors that act cumulatively. The objetive of the study was to identify the factors associated with the risk of suicide in adolescents enrolled in school. Materials and methods: In a sample of 565 adolescents enrolled in school, the risk of suicide was measured using the Plutchick scale and its association with gender, family functioning, being a victim of forced displacement, having a family history of attempted and / or completed suicide, psychiatric symptoms, psychoactive substances dependence, bullying and internet addiction, through the application of valid and reliable instruments. Results: 28,8 % of school adolescents presented risk of suicide. Most of the factors studied were associated with risk of suicide, such as gender (χ² = 14,539a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), victim of displacement (χ² = 4,095a; gl = 1; p = 0,043), family history of suicide and suicide attempt (χ² = 54,891a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), family functionality (χ² = 82,819a; gl = 3; p = 0,000), psychiatric symptoms (χ² = 187,915a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), risky consumption of marijuana (χ² = 6,830a; df = 1; p = 0,009), cocaine (χ² = 6,023a; df = 1; p = 0,014) and tranquilizers (χ² = 6,354a; gl = 1; p = 0,012), bullying (χ² = 8,754a; gl = 1; p = 0,003) and internet addiction (χ² = 16,486a; gl = 1; p = 0,000). Conclusion: The risk of suicide in school adolescents is associated with several factors, that is, it is a multi- factorial phenomenon, so comprehensive prevention strategies with a comprehensive risk management approach are suggested, which allow early identification of suicide risk to prioritize measures. preventive and therapeutic as an integral part of the educational process of adolescents.