Influência das técnicas de preparo e cocção na formação dos contaminantes hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em carnes e embutidos: fatores de risco associados ao consumo / Influence of different preparation and cooking techniques on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants in meat and smoked products: risk factors associated with consumption

RESUMO

Introdução - Os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) são compostos orgânicos que têm demonstrado comprovadamente efeitos mutagênicos, carcinogênicos e potencial imunossupressor. Dentre os alimentos, os produtos cárneos apresentam frequente ocorrência e concentrações mais elevadas para HPAs, uma vez que o preparo e os processos tecnológicos aos quais são submetidos podem produzir tais compostos. Considerando que a carne é um dos produtos mais consumidos no Brasil, com importante valor nutricional, avaliar sua contaminação torna-se necessária. Objetivo - Estudar a contaminação por HPAs de produtos cárneos, tanto nos embutidos e alimentos prontos para consumo, quanto nos submetidos a diferentes tratamentos e técnicas de cozimento, a fim de avaliar possíveis riscos à saúde humana associados ao consumo destes alimentos. Métodos - Os cárneos embutidos e defumados (n=205) foram adquiridos no comércio, incluindo dez categorias de produtos. Para a cocção, linguiças defumadas e carnes bovinas foram conduzidas a cinco métodos de cozimento, em distintos preparos e temperaturas. A metodologia para HPAs, contendo os quatro prioritários benzo[a]antraceno, benzo[b]fluoranteno, criseno, benzo[a]pireno (HPA4), incluiu saponificação, extração com n-hexano, purificação com cartuchos de extração em fase sólida de sílica e quantificação por cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência e detecção por fluorescência. Resultados - O método analítico foi otimizado e validado, com resultados satisfatórios. Na avaliação dos produtos cárneos comerciais, as concentrações HPA4 variaram de não quantificável (

ABSTRACT

Introduction - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that have demonstrated mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunosuppressive potential. Among the foods, meat products have frequent occurrence and higher concentrations of PAHs, since the preparation and technological processes to which they are submitted can produce such compounds. Considering that meat is one of the most consumed products in Brazil, with important nutritional value, evaluating its contamination becomes necessary. Objective - To study PAHs contamination of meat products, both in sausages and ready-to-eat foods, as well as in those submitted to different treatments and cooking techniques, to evaluate possible risks to human health associated with the consumption of these foods. Methods - Sausages and smoked meats (n=205) were purchased commercially, including ten product categories. For cooking, smoked sausages and beef were submitted to five cooking methods, in distinct preparations and temperatures. The methodology for PAHs containing the four priority benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene (PAH4), included saponification, n-hexane extraction, purification with silica solid phase extraction cartridges, and quantification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Results - The analytical method was optimized and validated, with satisfactory results. In the evaluation of commercial meat products, the PAH4 concentrations ranged from unquantifiable (

Asunto(s)

Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos; Tratamiento Térmico; Riesgo a la Salud; Análisis de los Alimentos; Productos de la Carne

ABSTRACT

Introduction - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that have demonstrated mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunosuppressive potential. Among the foods, meat products have frequent occurrence and higher concentrations of PAHs, since the preparation and technological processes to which they are submitted can produce such compounds. Considering that meat is one of the most consumed products in Brazil, with important nutritional value, evaluating its contamination becomes necessary. Objective - To study PAHs contamination of meat products, both in sausages and ready-to-eat foods, as well as in those submitted to different treatments and cooking techniques, to evaluate possible risks to human health associated with the consumption of these foods. Methods - Sausages and smoked meats (n=205) were purchased commercially, including ten product categories. For cooking, smoked sausages and beef were submitted to five cooking methods, in distinct preparations and temperatures. The methodology for PAHs containing the four priority benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene (PAH4), included saponification, n-hexane extraction, purification with silica solid phase extraction cartridges, and quantification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Results - The analytical method was optimized and validated, with satisfactory results. In the evaluation of commercial meat products, the PAH4 concentrations ranged from unquantifiable (