Caso clínico: Rabdomiolisis secundaria al consumo de cocaína / Case report: Rabdomuolisis after cocaine consumption

RESUMEN

Introducción: Las múltiples causas de Rabdomiolisis se pueden separar en 5 categorías según el mecanismo de daño del miocito Hipóxicas, físicas, químicas, biológicas e idiopáticas. Como primera causa se describe el consumo de drogas ilícitas/alcohol, seguido por medicamentos, trauma, inmovilidad y ejercicio extenuante. Las causas químicas representan hasta el 80% de los casos de rabdomiolisis. En esta categoría se encuentran los medicamentos, alcohol y drogas donde destaca la cocaína. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino que cursa con insuficiencia renal aguda secundario a una rabdomiolisis por consumo de cocaína.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The multiple causes of rhabdomyolysis can be separated into 5 categories according to the myocyte damage mechanism hypoxic, physical, chemical and biological. However, a cause will not always be identified. The consumption of illicit drugs / alcohol has been identified as the first cause, followed by medication, trauma, immobility and extenuating exercise. The chemical causes represent up to 80% of cases of rhabdomyolysis. This category includes medications, alcohol and drugs, where cocaine stands out. Cocaine is a strong stimulant used mainly as a recreational drug that has considerably increased its consumption in the country so it should be considered. Next, we present the case of a male patient with acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis due to cocaine use. The physiopathology, diagnostic process and current management will be discussed according to the latest guidelines.