Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Baft district, Kerman province, southeast of Iran

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis [kala-azar] is an endemic disease in some areas of Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted for sero-epidemiological survey of visceral leishmaniasis [VL] in Baft district from Kerman Province, southeast of Iran. Blood samples were collected from children up to 12 years old and 10% of adult population from Baft villages with a multi-stage randomized cluster sampling. In addition, blood samples were collected from 30 domestic dogs from the same areas. All the collected blood samples were tested by direct agglutination test [DAT] for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in both human and dog using the cut-off value of >/= 13200 and >/= 1320, respectively. Parasitological, molecular, and pathological were performed on infected dogs. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare sero-prevalence values. From 1476 collected human serum samples, 23 [1.55%] showed anti-Leishmania antibodies at titers of 1800 and 11600 whereas 14 [0.95%] showed anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies at titers of >/= 13200. No statistically significant difference was found between male [1.18%] and female [0.69%] sero-prevalence [P=0.330]. Children of 5-8 years showed the highest sero-prevalence rate [3.22%]. Seven out of 30 domestic dogs [23%] showed anti-Leishmania antibodies at titers >/= 1320. Leishmania infantum was identified in five infected dogs by nested -PCR assay. It seems that visceral leishmaniasis is being endemic in southern villages of Baft district, southeast of Iran