Evaluation of internal mammary venography in staging of cancer breast

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on 20 patients with cancer breast in an attempt to find a correlation between the clinical stage, internal mammary venographic findings, the histopathology of axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes and the primary growth. By comparison of the internal mammary venography of the controls with that of the cancer breast patients consistent changes were found indicating affection of the internal mammary lymph nodes. The incidence of internal mammary lymph node metastases was 40%, which was influenced by the tumor site, size and whether the axillary lymph nodes were affected or not