Hazard assessment of vanadium to oreochronies Niloticus Fish, [Tilipia Fish] present in the river Nile and some clinicopathological studies

The effect of dietary carbohydrates and vanadium toxicity on hematological profile, blood chemistry and hormonal level was studied in Tilapia nilotica. There is a significant decrease in hemoglobin and PCV in group 3. There is a significant increase in serum cortisol, cholesterol, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase in group 3, also there is a significant decrease in serum phosphorus, sodium and potassium in treated fish. There is a significant high level of vanadium content in kidney muscles, heart and spleen in group 3 suggesting a variety toxic effects of vanadium on Tilipia nilotica, the total viable count of bacteria identified higher in fish fed carbohydrate vandium. Predominate bacteria were identified as Aerumonas E.coli, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas, Fluorscences and Lacto bacillus sp. It emphasizes the finding that increase in carbohydrate concentration causes harmful pathological effects which the reduces humoral immune responses and enhances dietary vanadium toxicity