Frequency of risk factors in male patients with acute coronary syndrome

ABSTRACT

To determine the frequency of risk factors in male patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Observational study. Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institution of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from October 2007 to September 2008. Male patients with acute coronary syndrome were included in this study. Patients having angioplasty [PCI], coronary artery bypass surgery, chronic liver and kidney diseases were excluded. Presence of diabetes, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical activity, stress, a family history of coronary artery disease [CAD] and medication was hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical activity, stress, a family history of coronary artery disease [CAD] and medication was documented. Blood pressure, ECG, cardiac enzymes, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and echocardiography were done within 24 hours of admission. Body mass index and waist circumference were measured. Data was analysed using SPSS-15. a total of 135 male patients of ACS were studied having mean age of 54.26 +/- 11.60 years. Maximum number of patients aged between 51 to 60 years, [n= 41, 31.9%]. STEMI [ST-elevation myocardial infarction] was diagnosed in 96 [71.1%] patients, non-STEMI in 12 [8.9%] while 27 [20%] patients were having unstable angina. Smoking was documented in 60 [44%] patients, hypertension in 50 [37%], diabetes in 34 [25.2%] and a family history of premature CAD obese [BMI >/= 30]. Waist circumference > 90 cm was found in 86 [63.6%] subjects. Sixty four [47.4%] patients were active frequent combinations, observed in 24 [17.9%] subjects. Dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension and diabetes were most frequent risk factors. Public awareness to control risk factors can reduce the prevalence of CAD