[Increasing quantitative and qualitative yield of calendula officinalis L. by using bio-fertilizer]

ABSTRACT

Because the excessive use of chemical fertilizers had harmful effects, bio-fertilizers using are suitable alternative for supply of safe food, healthy environment and human health. To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on the quantity and quality yield of calendula medicinal plant. This study conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University [Shahr-e-Ray Branch] based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were Nitroxin, Super nitro plus, Mycorrhizae, animal manure, chemical fertilizer [NPK] and control [no fertilizer]. The bio-fertilizers using had a significant effect on the most of studied quantity and quality parameters. Effect of bio-fertilizers was significant [p flower and fresh yield and [p flower and essential oil yield of calendula. Biofertilizer had a significant effect on main constituents, Muurolol [epi-alpha] and alpha-Cadinol [%] [p essential oil and also maximum yield of essential oil was observed by Nitroxin treatment