Urolithiasis in male patients: a pilot study on the ethnic differences and clinical profile

ABSTRACT

The association between ethnicity, age, clinical profile, stone size with type of ureteric stones among male patients with urolithiasis was studied. Male patients above 18 years with lower ureteral stones size < 10mm attending outpatient department of Urology, GMC hospital, Ajman over a period of one year were included. Ethical approval obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was retrieved from the case record form which included socio-demographic variables [age, nationality], clinical profile [ureteric colic, duration of pain, other complaints, laboratory investigations [type of stone, stone size]. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS version 20 and p values < 0.05 considered significant. 185 male patients were included. Mean age was 41.5 [7.3] years, range [22-71] years. Of the total, 81[43.8%] patients were of Asian ethnicity, 81[43.8%] Arab and 23 [12.4%] were of other ethnicity. Most patients [95.1%] reported with ureteric pain. Only 49 [26.5%] had family history of stone disease with majority being first degree relation. Data on type of stone was available for 90 patients; of which, 21 were calcium oxalate monohydrate, 33-calcium oxalate dehydrate, 24-uric acid and remaining 12 other form of stones. Uric acid stone was common among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate among Arab ethnicity. Among those with family history calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid stones were common compared to other types. Average age for different types of stone was 38.3, 41.6, 39.4 and 42.8 years respectively for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dehydrate, uric acid and other types. Uric acid stones were more prevalent among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate stones among the Arabs. Further studies among multiethnic population focusing on detailed dietary pattern and stone analysis can be conducted