Clinical and pathological factors affecting gallstone formation

The differential clinical and pathological factors which may effect gall stone formation were studied in 86 patients with gallstones and underwent cholecystectomy. Multiparity was a common feature in 66 women and oral contraceptive were used by 57 women. High caloric diet as sugars in juices, jam, honey, fruits and other carbohydrates constituted the main items of their daily diet. Cigarette smoking, diabetes, genetic predisposition and previous surgery were present in a minority of patients and could not be considered as risk factors of gall stones. Out of 14 patients, cholesterol stones were presented in 14.3%, pigment stones in 35.7% and mixed stones in 50% of patients. Pathological changes in the liver [non-specific, bilharzial, viral] and in the wall of gallbladder may add to the risk