Studies on the umbilical affections in calves

ABSTRACT

A total number of 2102 calves was examined raging in age from one day to nine months. Thirteen cattle and buffalo farms in different areas of Upper Egypt were visited regularly. The common umbilical affections were studied in relation to housing and breeding systems, breed, age, sex and other accompanying diseases. The results showed that umbilical masses should not be dealt with a simple entity, but the different possible etiological factors should be considered. Moreover, surgical intervention proved to be the ensured way to deal with cases of umbilical masses individually