Methods for measurement of tibial torsion

ABSTRACT

No conventional technique for routine assessment of tibial torsion, the twisting of tibia around the longitudinal axis, has yet gained acceptance. Clinical measurements give approximate values only. Methods employing tropometers and other mechanical devices have mainly been used for measurement in skeletal specimens and in patients, though on a limited scale. Certain roentgenographic methods are considered complicated, whereas others require trigonometric calculations on the roentgenograms. With the development of the whole body computed tomography [CT] where distinct cross-sectional images can be obtained, reference points are easy to be determined, which make it possible to accurately measure this torsional deformity. Considering the demands for availability, simplicity, and precision, fluoroscopic techniques have been developed