population-based screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in non-diabetic women in Bahrain

ABSTRACT

Maternal hyperglycemia is considered a risk factor for fetal morbidity. Since there is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the population of Bahrain, we conducted a prospective population-based study of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] in non-diabetic pregnant women. All non-diabetic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics during January 2001 to December 2002 [n=10 495] were screened for GDM during the 24th to 28th weeks of gestation. All positive subjects based on a 50-g glucose challenge test [GCT] were further evaluated by a diagnostic 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]. The birth weight of the child and post-delivery insulin resistance were monitored. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] was used to assess insulin resistance. Of 10 495 non-diabetic pregnant women screened, 32.8% [n=3443] had plasma glucose >/= 7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL] in the GCT. The 75-g OGTT found a prevalence of GDM of 13.5%. There were twice as many Bahrainis as expatriates. Of children born to women with GDM, 6.5% had a birth weight >4000 g. Post-delivery evaluation of insulin resistance indicated that 33% of women with GDM had a HOMA-IR value >2. The population of Bahrain is a high-risk ethnic group for GDM. The association of insulin resistance in the post-gravid state with GDM among 33% of the study population suggests that insulin resistance, the possible cause of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development of gestational diabetes, continues in the post gravid state