Comparative study between Elisa immuno diffusion and cell bound immuno assay techniques for detection of anti bovine viral diarrhea antibodies in calves of some farms in Alexandria and Behira Governorates

ABSTRACT

Rapid, highly sensitive and specific technique is essential need for early diagnosis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea [BVD] infection in calves to prevent, control and eradicate the persistently infected animals; so, ELISA, Immuno-diffusion [ID] and Cell bound immuno assay [CBIA] techniques were compared for detection of anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea [anti-BVD] antibodies in 240 calves blood samples of some farms in Alexandria and Behira Govcrnorates [120 each]. Out of total 240 tested blood samples; 143 [59.6%], 47 [19.6%], and 155 [64.6%] were positive for anti-BVD antibodies using ELISA, ID and CBIA respectively. The highest detection rate was found in diseased calves at Behira Governorate [83.5%> using CBIA technique, while the lowest detection rate was found in contact calves at Alexandria Governorate [3.2%] using ID technique. The percentage of agreement between CBIA and each of ELISA and ID was 95% and 55% respectively for detection of anti-BVD antibodies in Calve sera. The percentage of sensitivity between CBIA and each of ELISA and ID was 100%, while the percentage of specificity between CBIA and each of ELISA and ID was 87.6% and only 44% repectively for detection of anti-BVD antibodies in calves sera. This study showed that, the CBIA as well as ELISA techniques were highly sensitive and specific tests for detection of anti-BVD antibodies in calves sera when compared to ID technique. Moreover, CBIA has many advantages over ELISA technique; Firstly. CBIA is rapid, simple, cheap and not need to ELISA reader as in ELISA technique. Secondarily; the microtitre plate containing BVD infected tissue culture monolayer can be preserved for long time in comparison to prepared ELISA plates