Impact of drinking water and other causative factors for nephrolithiasis

ABSTRACT

Impact of drinking water i.e.. its hardness and calcium contents on urolithiasis was studied. Thirty adult patients, both males and females of nephrolithiasis [Group-I] compared with those of 34 age matched control [Group-II] were included in this study. Mean age of Group-I was 30.63 and +/- SD 3.58 and of Group-II was 28.62 +/- SD 2.60. Mean serum calcium level of Goup-I was 9.56 mg/100ml and +/- SD 0.7 and of Group-II was 8.8mg/100ml +/- SD 1.30, which was significant [p<0.05]. Mean 24 hours urinary excretion of calcium in Group-I had 287.79 [ +/- SD181.29] and in Group-II had 187mg [ +/- SD 88.91], which is significant. Mean serum uric acid was 5.37mg/dl [ +/- SD 1.66] in Group-I and 5.40mg/dl [ +/- SD1.52] in Group-I 1 which is non significant. Mean 24 hour urinary excretion of uric acid in stone patients was 424.31mg +/- SD 142.16 and in normal subjects was 314.29mg +/- SD173.49 [significant at p<0.05]. Stone formers had a mean 24-hour urinary out put of 1336.7ml +/- SD 773.83, while non-stone formers had a mean out put of 1129.41ml +/- SD 512.36, which is not significant. Mean pH of freshly voided urine of Group-I had 6.24 +/- SD 0.78, while in Group-II had 6.12 +/- SD 0.38 and was not significant. Economic status and family history of both group was also analysed. Mean +/- SE Comparison of various variables of drinking water was also analysed