Lipoprotein oxidation: implications to atherogenesis

ABSTRACT

Lipoprotein modification is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidant species released by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and platelets can oxidatively modify lipoproteins. Oxidized lipoproteins generated in vivo may participate in the atherogenic process by different mechanisms. This review will focus on the processes leading to lipoprotein oxidation, the interactions of oxidized lipoproteins with vascular endothelium and their participation in atheroma formation, the disturbances induced by lipoprotein oxidative modifications on intravascular lipoprotein metabolism, and the occurrence of oxidative stress in subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia. The elucidation of these events may be important to establish future preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis.