Risk factors related to the severity of diabetic retinopathy

RESUMO

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the severity or stage of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in a southern Brazilian population. Methods: Transversal study of diabetic patients withoutl previous ophthalmologic treatment, seen at a University eye clinic. These patients underwent fundus photography, complete blood work-up, systemic blood pressure measurement, urine analysis, and were questioned about risk factors previously determined by the authors. The presence or absence of risk factors was compared to the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results: Eighty-one patients were selected, 28 male, 53 female, 55 Caucasians, 26 African descendants, 28 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 53 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Factors related to more severe diabetic retinopathy inçlude insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (a<0.01), nephropathy (a<0.05), proteinuria (a<0.05), duration of the disease (p<0.001), elevated fasting plasma glucose (p=0.11), glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA (1 c)) (p=0.001), total serum cholesterol (p=0.019), lower hematocrit (p=0.004) and hemoglobin (p=0.001). Conclusions: The severity of diabetic retinopathy appears to be associated with risk factors such as duration of disease, type of diabetes, poor metabolic control, hemoglobi levels, total cholesterol and proteinuria. Factors apparently not related to severity of diabetic retinopathy include gender, age, systemic hypertension and hypornagnesemia.