Colesterolemia en adolescentes sexo femenino de Morelos, México / Plasmatic levels of cholesterol in adolescent females from Morelos, Mexico

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia y factores de riesgo para sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres adolescentes. Sujetos y método: Estudio transversal en 548 adolescentes. Se determinó la colesterolemia por la técnica de Liebermann-Burchard. Se midieron los índices antropométricos; de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y caderas; la ingesta por encuesta de recordatorio de 24 horas; el nivel socioeconómico y los antecedentes familiares. Se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado (pruebas de hipótesis de Chi2, prueba de t y F). Resultados: La prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia fue de 30.4 por ciento. El peso, el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y las concentraciones de colesterol sanguíneo más altas, se observan en adolescentes con familiares obesos (p<0.05). Fue mayor el consumo de lípidos totales y de ácidos grasos saturados en adolescentes con familiares obesos, diabéticos e hipertensos (p<0.05). Conclusiones: Al observar la tendencia de los datos antropométricos, las concentraciones de colesterol sanguíneo, y/o los antecedentes familiares; se puede concluir que es posible que cuando sean adultas, presenten problemas por sobrepeso u obesidad que aumentarían su riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares o presencia de síndrome metabólico.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, overweight and obesity as well as, the risk factors in adolescent females. Subjects and method: In a cross - sectional study of 548 adolescents girls plasma level of cholesterol was measured using the Liebermann-Burchard technique. Anthropometrics indexes of weight, height, hip and waist circumferences were investigated. The intake was asses by a 24-hours dietary recall. Survey socioeconomic level and family history were evaluated. An univariate an bivariate statically analysis (chi square (X2), t and F tests) was performed. Results: A prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was found in 30.4 percent of girls. The weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and the highest levels of blood cholesterol were observed in adolescents with obese relatives (p<0.05). The consumption of total lipids and saturated fatty acids was higher in adolescents with obese, diabetics and hypertensive relatives (p <0.05). Conclusions: According to the anthropometric data and cholesterolemia in adolescent girls with overweight relatives, obesity, diabetes and hypertension it is possible that as adults they may present overweight problems or obesity which will increase their risk for cardiovascular complications or the presence of metabolic syndrome.