Tuberculosis en individuos con infección por VIH en Chile: Estudio de prevalencia e impacto sobre mortalidad / Prevalence of tuberculosis and its impact on mortality among HIV infected patients in Chile

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) in Chile is reaching the elimination phase; however, in HIV positive individuals the incidence ofTB in still very high. Aim To describe the association between TB and HIV in different geographical regions in Chile, and to determine the association between TB and HIV/AIDS mortality. Patients and methods: A retrospective study that included individuals from the main HIV clinics from four regions with different TB prevalence in the general population (per 100,000): Arica (>30), Concepcion/Arauco (25-29), Valparaiso/San Antonio (20-24) and Metropolitana Sur-Oriente (SSMSO) (<20), attended between January 1998 and September 2004. Results: Nine hundred and twelve HIV positive individuals were included. Gobal prevalence ofTB was 6.2 percent [95 percent confidence intervals (Cl) 5.2-7.2 percent]. TB was more common in older subjects (p =0.039) and those with lower CD4 counts (p <0.001) and higher HIV viral load (p =0.033). In 66 percent of cases, the disease had a pulmonary localization. TB was the recorded cause of death in 7.4 percent of subjects. Only 29 percent of patients had a tuberculin skin test performed at the moment of HIV diagnosis. The prevalence of TB in HIV positive patients, followed the trend of TB prevalence in the general population: Concepcion/Arauco (11.9 percent), Valparaiso/San Antonio (7.1 percent) and SSMSO (3.9 percent). However HIV positive subjects from Arica showed an unexpectedly low TB prevalence (5.5 percent). Conclusions: TB in HIV/AIDS patients included in this study is over 300 times more prevalent than in the general population. TB prevalence in HIV positive subjects follows regional TB prevalence, excepting Arica. Effectiveness and feasibility of latent TB diagnostic strategies and treatment in HIV positive individuals should be reviewed.