Análisis factorial de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes que ingresan en una unidad de corta estancia médica / Factor analysis of health related quality of life in patients admitted to a short stay medical unit

ABSTRACT

Background: Disease and hospital admission have a great impact on the quality of life of an individual Aim: To identify the factors associated with health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients admitted to a Short Stay Medical Unit (SSMU). Patients and methods: Prospective cohort study of 335 patients aged 15 to 99 years (196 males) consecutively admitted to the SSMU. In all we recorded sociodemographic data, number of previous hospital admissions, admission type, main diagnosis, ¡enght of stay, comorbidities, the Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Karnofsky Perfomance Scale, the Barthel Index and quality of life with the EuroQol-5D instrument. After studying the associations between variables, we carried out a factor analysis of those that were significantly related to HRQL. Results: Mean body mass index was 27.7 Kg/m² and 83 percent were emergency admissions. Heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, acute coronary syndromes and cardiac arrhythmias, constituted 56 percent of all admissions. HRQL was statistically related to age, gender, educational status, caregiving situation, number of previous admissions, main diagnosis, length of stay, Goldberg scale and Karnofsky, Barthel and Charlson indexes. Factor analysis reduced the original variables to five, which explained 67.8 percent of the variance, as follows Factor 1- Karnofsky and Barthel indexes (27.8 percent); Factor 2- age, educational status, caregiving situation (12.3 percent); Factor 3- the Goldberg scale (10.4 percent); Factor 4- admission type (8.8 percent); Factor 5- main diagnosis (8.4 percent). Conclusions: HRQL in patients admitted to Short Stay Medical Unit is partially related to perfomance status, age, social and psychological status, admission type an the main diagnosis (RevMéd Chile 2009; 1371163-72).