Pólipos del colon y recto / Polyps of colon and rectum

ABSTRACT

Polyp is a descriptive term used with reference to any mass of tisue that projects outward from the normal surface of th gastrointestinal tract. Morson and col. classified this disorder in 1962 in two categories non-neoplasic (hamartomas) and neoplasic (tubular, villous and mixed). At preent, they are classified between polypoid formations termed serrated polyps, out of whom some can be assigned as potentially malignant. The author of this report describe successively the foloowing conditions mlignant colorectal polyps, are those presenting an invasive carcinoma, that is with penetration through the muscularis mucosae, involving the regional lymph nodes. Other types intestinal polyposis, familial adenomatous polyposis Turcot syndrome (malingnant tumors of the central nervous system associated with familial polyposis of the colon) juvenile polyposis; Cowden disease described since the disease suffered by the patient Rachel Cowden (also termed as multiple hamartomas syndrome) hereditary and preneoplasic with autosomic and dominant transmission, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome hereditary disease with autonomic and dominant transmission, characterized by a harmatous gastrointestinal polyposis with melanin pigmentation of the skin, and melanin spots of the bucal mucous membrane. Bleeding and anemia are frequent complications. Syndrome of De Ruvalcalva-Myre-Smith associates hamartosus polyposis juvenile and other disorders as macrocephalia, psychomotor madurative delay and pigmentary changes of the genitalia, and Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, a generalized gastrointestinal polyposis, even those considered benign, can suffer by different causes, a malignant transformation. The author also refers the surgical manament, adenomas and malignant transformation and the development of carcinogenesis. The genetic of adenomas and colerectal cancer, are also considered.