Condições de Saúde Bucal de Pré-escolares Analisadas por Indicadores Diversos nas Medidas em Epidemiologia / Oral health conditions of preschoolers analyzed by several indicators in epidemiology measurements

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analisar a condicao de saude bucal inicial das criancas assistidas pelo projeto Sorria Bairro-Escola da prefeitura de Nova Iguacu/RJ na educacao pre-escolar, atraves de indicadores diversos nas medidas em epidemiologia. Metodo: A populacao participante do estudo foi composta pelos 609 pre-escolares, de um total de 747, na faixa etaria de 2 a 5 anos, das 14 creches publicas, que preencheram todos os criterios de inclusao da pesquisa. Empregaram-se os seguintes indicadores de saude bucal coletiva ceo-d, Indice de Cuidados (Care Index), Indice de Saude Dentaria - ISD (Dental Health Index) e Indice de Equivalencia de Dentes Saudaveis (T-Health modificado) . Utilizou-se para tabular os dados e analisar os resultados, respectivamente, o programa EPI-Info 6.04d, de livre acesso, e o teste estatistico Qui-quadrado, com p<0,05. Resultados: Quanto ao sexo das criancas, registrou-se 51,2% do sexo masculino e 48,8% do sexo feminino, sem diferenca estatisticamente significante (p=0,32), e ainda 37,4% delas apresentavam experiencia de carie. Em toda a faixa etaria estudada, 62,6% dos pre-escolares apresentaram-se livres de carie (ceo-d=0), e 37,4% ti nham experiencia de carie dentaria (ceo-d>0). O indice ceo-d medio de Gruebbel encontrado foi igual a 1,5 (ñ 2,6), sendo o componente cariado responsavel por 90,4% do indice, o componente extraido/extracao indicada por carie responsavel por 8,2% do indice e o componente obturado por 1,4% do respectivo indice. O indice de Cuidados foi igual a 0,08%, totalizando 12 dentes encontrados restaurados inicialmente, e o indice de Saude Dentaria foi de 0,8. O indice de Equivalencia de Dentes Saudaveis foi igual a 73,2. Conclusao: Apesar de um ceo-d relativamente baixo, a populacao apresentava niveis de saude bucal alarmantes, evidenciados por outros indicadores nao tao usuais.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the initial oral health conditions of children assisted by Smile Neighborhood-School Project from the municipal government of Nova Iguacu, RJ, Brazil in the preschool education, by means of several indicators. Method: The study population was composed by 609 out of 747 preschoolers in the 2-5-year-old age range attending the 14 public day care centers, who met all inclusion criteria of the study. The following indicators of community oral health were used dmf-t, Care Index, Dental Health Index and modified T-Health Index. The soft ware EPI-Info 6.04d and the chi-square test (p<0.05) were used to tabulate and analyze the data, respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.32) between the genders 51.2% were males and 48.8% were females. In the age range examined in this study, 62.6% of the preschoolers were caries-free (dmf-t =0), and 37.4% of the children had caries experience (dmf-t >0). The mean Gruebbel's dmf-t index was 1.5 (ñ 2.6) the component decayed was responsible for 90.4% of the dmf-t, the component missing was responsible for 8.2% of of the dmf-t, and the component filled was responsible for 1.4% of the dmf-t. The Care Index was 0.08%, totalizing 12 teeth found restored initially, and the Dental Health index was 0.8. The T-Health Index was 73.2. Conclusion: In spite of presenting a relatively low dmf-t, the studied population showed alarming oral health conditions, as demonstrated by other indicators that are not very usual.