Caracterización de la violencia sexual en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años, 2001-2003, Cali / Characteristics of sexual violence in adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age, Cali 2001-2003

RESUMEN

Antecedentes En Colombia entre las lesiones violentas no fatales, los delitos sexuales ocupan el cuarto lugar, siendo mas afectados los menores de edad. La violencia sexual experimentada en la infancia o en la adolescencia deja consecuencias severas. Objetivos: Describir la ocurrencia de los casos de denuncia de violencia sexual en jóvenes entre 10 y 19 años de edad, durante los a±os 2001 y 2003 en Cali. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de casos de violencia sexual valorados por clínica forense y trabajo social (Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses), ocurridos en ßrea urbana de Cali. Se calcularon prevalencias y se utilizó la prueba chi2 para explorar diferencias entre las variables. Resultados: De los 250 casos incluidos, 77.5% eran mujeres, siendo el grupo de mayor prevalencia entre 10 y 14 años; 96% eran escolarizados al momento de la ocurrencia del evento. Del total de las víctimas, 46% realizaban actividades en el entorno familiar cuando fue abordada por el agresor. Ademas, 38.2% informaron antecedentes de violencia familiar directa o indirecta; 31.4% pertenecían a familias monoparentales y 40% a familias mixtas; 82.6% de los agresores eran personas conocidas por la víctima y 17% dijo no conocer al agresor. La amenaza y el chantaje fueron las principales formas de abordaje y de inducción al silencio empleadas por el agresor. Se destaca ademas, la presencia de cómplices al momento del abuso. Finalmente, la Comuna 13 (20 casos) presentó el mayor número de denuncias y la de menor número fue la Comuna 17 (un caso). Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de víctimas de violencia sexual son mujeres que conocen a su agresor. Las denuncias son mas prevalentes en sectores con desventaja socioeconómica.

ABSTRACT

Background: In Colombia among violent not fatal injuries the sexual crimes occupy fourth place, being more affected the minors of age. The sexual violence experienced on the infancy or on the adolescence leaves severe consequences. Objectives: To describe the occurrence of sexual violence cases denounced in teenagers from 10 to 19 years, during the 2001-2003 in Cali.Methods: A descriptive study of prevalence of sexual abuse in adolescents from 10 to 19 years assisted in the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the Southwest region during the 2001-2003 for clinic and social work evaluation. Prevalence was calculated and the chi2 test was used to explore differences between variables. Results: From 250 cases of accusations of adolescents were included 77.5% of these accusations were filed by women; being the most affected group age between 10 to 14; 96% reported to have any scholarship studies at the moment of the abuse; 46% were doing family-related activities at the moment of the abuse; 31.4% of the victims belonged to monoparental family and 40% to mixed family; 38.2% of the adolescents had records of family domestic violence; 82.6% of the aggressors were a victimÆs acquaintance and only the 17% reported to have been attacked by a stranger. The menace and the blackmail were the principal forms used by the aggressor to persuade victimÆs silence. Also stands out the presence of accomplices in the moment of the abuse. Finally, the commune (or municipality) 13 and 20 were the ones with a greater number of cases, and the one with the least was the 17 with only one case. Conclusions: A high percentage of victims of sexual violence are women who know his aggressor. The accusations are more prevalent in sectors with socioeconomic disadvantage.