Anestesia espinal para colecistectomía laparoscópica / Spinal anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

RESUMEN

La colecistectomía laparoscópica es una técnica quirúrgica normalmente realizada bajo anestesia general, aunque se ha descrito la utilización de técnica regional (epidural)1 y bloqueo subaracnoideo2 con buenos resultados. La Anestesia general es una técnica muy segura pero tiene como desventajas el mayor costo, falta de interacción clínica directa con el paciente, perdida de mecanismos compensatorios propios en hipercapnia y la mayor complejidad del manejo post-operatorio del dolor3. El empleo de anestesia regional de tipo espinal se ha indicado en forma aislada en pacientes con patología pulmonar severa4. Recientemente se han publicado resultados preliminares en pacientes sin patologías médicas mayores a los que se les practicó colecistectomías laparoscópicas bajo anestesia espinal, reportando que es una técnica exitosa y segura en pacientes sanos. Decidimos examinar en nuestro medio, la aplicación de la anestesia espinal para colecistectomía laparoscópica y mostrar nuestros resultados.

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure which is usually performed under general anaesthesia, even though using a regional technique (epidural)1 and subarachnoid block2 leading to good results have also been described. General anaesthesia is very safe but has the disadvantage of incurring higher costs, lack of direct clinical interaction with patients, loss of compensatory mechanisms in the hypercapnia and increased complexity for postoperative pain management3. Using regional (spinal) anaesthesia has been sparingly mentioned regarding patients suffering from severe pulmonary pathology4. Preliminary results from patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia but who had no major medical condition have been published recently; it was reported that it is a successful and safe technique in healthy patients. It was thus decided to examine applying spinal anaesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and show the results.