Perfil antropométrico e adiposidade abdominal de escolares entre 6 a 10 anos de idade do Sul do Brasil / Anthropometric profile and abdominal adiposity of school children aged between 6 and 10 years in southern Brazil

RESUMO

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação de medidas antropométricas com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e verificar a presença de adiposidade abdominal em escolares. Estudo transversal realizado entre 2007-2008, com 4.964 escolares de 6 a 10 anos de idade, matriculados em 345 escolas de oito municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. As variáveis independentes utilizadas foram dobras cutâneas subescapular (DCS) e tricipital (DCT), circunferências do braço (CBr), cintura (CC) e quadril (CQ) e relações cintura/quadril (RCQ) e cintura/estatura (RCEst). O IMC foi utilizado como variável dependente. Associações brutas e ajustadas foram estimadas mediante regressão linear e expressados como coeficiente de regressão (β). Para análise ajustada, todas as medidas antropométricas foram controladas entre si, mantendo-se no modelo aquelas com p<0,20. Classificou-se a adiposidade abdominal com a RCEst > 0.5. Os resultados mostram que o IMC médio dos meninos foi 17,4kg/m² (DP=2,8) e das meninas 17,2kg/m² (DP=2,8). As médias das medidas antropométricas para os sexos masculino e feminino foram, respectivamente DCS=7,2 e 8,3mm; DCT=10,8 e 12,6mm; CBr=20,0 e 20,2cm; CC=60,1 e 58,5cm; CQ=71,3 e 71,9cm; RCQ=0,84 e 0,81; RCEst=0,45 e 0,44. Todas as medidas antropométricas se associaram positivamente com o IMC na análise bruta, para ambos os sexos. Na análise ajustada, nos meninos, mantiveram-se associadas DCS (β=0,05), CBr (β=0,17), CC (β=0,19) e RCEst (β=30,5). Nas meninas, continuaram associadas a DCS (β=0,19), CBr (β=0,17), CC (β=0,13), RCQ (β=-6,2) e RCEst (β=32,1). Apresentaram adiposidade abdominal 11,9% (n=589) dos escolares, de acordo com a RCEst. Pode-se concluir que os indicadores DCS, CBr, CC e RCEst apresentaram boa relação com o IMC em escolares de ambos os sexos. Estas medidas poderiam ser utilizadas como complemento ao IMC para determinação da adiposidade corporal total e central.

ABSTRACT

The aims of the present study were to assess the association of anthropometric measures with body mass index (BMI) and to verify the presence of abdominal adiposity in school children. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 4,964 school children between 6 and 10 years of age registered in 345 schools from eight municipalities of the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil). The independent variables used were the following subscapular (SSF) and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness, arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). BMI was used as the dependent variable. Unadjusted and adjusted associations were estimated using linear regression and expressed as a regression coefficient (β). All anthropometric measurements were controlled during adjusted analysis to remain within the p < 0.20 model. Abdominal adiposity was defined as WHtR > 0.5. The mean BMI was 17.4 kg/m² (SD = 2.8) in males and 17.2 kg/m² (SD = 2.8) in females. The mean anthropometric measurements for males and females respectively were as follows SSF = 7.2 and 8.3mm; TSF = 10.8 and 12.6mm; AC = 20.0 and 20.2cm; WC = 60.1 and 58.5cm; HC = 71.3 and 71.9cm; WHR = 0.84 and 0.81; WHtR = 0.45 and 0.44. All anthropometric measurements were positively associated with BMI in the unadjusted analysis of both sexes. In the adjusted analysis, associations among males were as follows SSF (β = 0.05), AC (β = 0.17), WC (β = 0.19), and WHtR (β = 30.5). Associations among females were as follows SSF (β = 0.19), AC (β = 0.17), WC (β = 0.13), WHR (β = -6.2), and WHtR (β = 32.1). The prevalence of abdominal adiposity was 11.9%. It was concluded that the anthropometric indicators SSF, AC, WC, and WHtR had a satisfactory relationship with BMI in school children of both sexes. These measurements could be used, in addition to BMI, to determine total and central adiposity.