Efecto normoglicemiante del tubérculo y la hoja de yacón (smallantus sonchifolius) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 / Normoglicemiante effect of the tubercle and the leaf of yacón (smallantus sonchifolius) in diabetic patients type 2

RESUMEN

El presente estudio tiene como propósito establecer el efecto del tubérculo y hoja de yacón (smallantus sonchifolius) sobre los niveles de glucosa sérica y hemoglobina glicosilada con el consumo de una dieta ad libitum. Se realizó durante 90 días un ensayo experimental simple ciego controlado a nivel de campo en 30 sujetos entre los 26 y 90 años, con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no controlada a pesar del tratamiento farmacológico, dividiéndolos en tres grupos al primer grupo se administró 500g/día de fruto fresco de yacón, al segundo grupo liofilizado de yacón equivalente a 500g/día del fruto fresco y al tercer grupo se le proporcionó bolsitas filtrantes de hoja de yacón (cada bolsita filtrante equivalente a 1g de hoja), tomando tres infusiones al día. Con respecto a la hemoglobina glicosilada, la administración de fruto, filtrante y liofilizado disminuyó en promedio de 1.98 por ciento, 1.84 por ciento y 1.14 por ciento, respectivamente, para cada grupo. En la glucosa sérica se apreció una baja considerable de la misma a la cuarta semana en los tres grupos teniendo mayor disminución con yacón filtrante y la menor disminución el grupo con fruto fresco. Podemos concluir que el yacón, en sus diferentes presentaciones produce disminución de la glucosa sérica sin llegar a valores normales, observando que los cambios en la concentración de glucosa sérica no evidenciaron diferencia significativa entre grupos etáreos ni en medidas repetidas de glucosa sérica entre semanas ni en género. También se evidenció una disminución significativa de la hemoglobina glicosilada final con respecto a la basal en todos los grupos, encontrándose disminución marcada en el grupo al que se le administró tubérculo fresco de yacón.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study is to establish the effect of the yacon tuber and leaf (Smallantus Sonchifolius) on the levels of the seric glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin with the consumption of an adlibitum diet. A blind, simple and experimental field-controlled trial was carried out for a period of 90 days in 30 subjects, in an age range from 26 to 90, who were diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with no control despite the pharmacological treatment. The subjects were divided into 3 groups; the first group received 500g per day of fresh yacon fruit; the second group received freeze-dried yacon equivalent to 500 g per day of the fresh fruit, and the third group received yacon leaves tea bags (each tea bag containing the equivalent to 1 g of yacon leaves), which were taken three times a day. Regarding the glycosylated hemoglobin, the administration of the fruit, the tea bags and the freeze-dried yacon reduced an average of 1.98%, 1.84% and .14%, correspondingly, in each group. In the seric glucose we could observe a considerable drop in the fourth week in the three groups. The largest drop happened in the group that received the yacon tea bags and the lowest drop in the group that received the yacon fruit. We can conclude that the yacon, in its different presentations, produce a decrease of the seric glucose without reaching the normal values. It was also noticed that the changes in the concentration of the seric glucose did not show a significant difference among the age groups nor in repeated measures of seric glucose among weeks nor in gender. A significant decrease of the final glycosylated hemoglobin regarding the basal was also shown in all the groups, finding a marked decrease in the group that received fresh yacon fruit.