Composição nutricional de dietas para emagrecimento publicadas em revistas não científicas: comparação com as recomendações dietéticas atuais de macronutrientes / Nutritional composition of diets for weight loss published in non-scientific journals: comparison with the current dietary macronutrient recommendations

RESUMO

Objetivos: Com o aumento dos �ndices mundiais do excesso de peso e da preocupa��o com emagrecimento entre os adultos, � crescente o surgimento de dietas populares divulgadas em revistas n�o cient�ficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a composi��o nutricional de dietas para emagrecimento publicadas em revistas n�o cient�ficas com as recomenda��es diet�ticas atuais de macronutrientes propostas pela American Dietetics Asssociation. M�todos Foram selecionadas revistas publicadas em 2010 por duas editoras. A composi��o nutricional das dietas foi calculada (NutWin�, 2005) e comparada com recomenda��es atuais para macronutrientes (ADA, 1996). As dietas foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com seu teor de calorias (de grande restri��o cal�rica [(GRC); 800-1200kcal] ou de restri��o cal�rica leve [(RCL); >1200kcal]) e comparadas. Resultados: Foram analisadas 137 dietas (25 exemplares) com aporte cal�rico de 656,5-2243,08Kcal/dia. Considerando a composi��o de macronutrientes dos card�pios, as dietas deste estudo puderam ser classificadas na sua maioria como hipoglic�dicas (59,84%), hiperproteicas (95,70%) e hipolip�dicas (60,58%), al�m de possu�rem quantidades de fibras inadequadas (69,30%). Com exce��o dos lip�dios, os demais macronutrientes apresentaram distribui��o semelhante entre os dois grupos de dietas, quando divididas de acordo com seu valor cal�rico. Conclus�o Concluiu-se que uma grande propor��o de dietas se apresentou inadequada �s recomenda��es de macronutrientes.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: With the crescent global rates of overweight and the concern with weight loss among adults, the number of popular diets published in non-scientific magazines has also grown. This study aimed to compare the nutritional composition of weight loss diets published in non-scientific magazines with the current dietary macronutrient recommendations proposed by the American Dietetic Association. Methods: We selected journals published by two publishers in 2010. The nutritional composition of diets was calculated (NutWin�, 2005) and compared with current recommendations for macronutrients (ADA, 1996). The diets analyzed were divided into two groups according to their calorie content (high caloric restriction [(GRC) 800-1200kcal] or mild caloric restriction [(RCL);> 1200 kcal]); they were then compared. Results: We analyzed 137 diets (25 issues) with caloric intake ranging from 656.5 to 2243.08Kcal/day. Considering the macronutrient composition of diets, the diets in this study could be classified mostly as hypoglycemic (59.84%), hyperproteic (95.70%) and hypolipidic (60.58%), besides having inadequate amounts of fiber (69.30%). Except for lipids, the other macronutrients showed similar distribution between the two groups of diets when divided according to their caloric value. Conclusions: We conclude that a large proportion of the diets studied were inadequate according to the recommendations for macronutrients.