Niveles sanguineos de plomo en neonatos hijos de madres consumidoras de "basuco": estudio comparativo / Lead blood levels in newborns of \"basuco\" consumer mothers: comparative study

RESUMEN

La obtencion del clorhidrato de cocaina a partir de la hoja de coca requiere el uso de gasolina; residuos de esta pueden permanecer en la pasta base(basuca); al fumar esta, mezclada con cigarrillo o marihuana (basuco) el consumidor puede captar residuos de plomo e incrementar sus concentraciones sanguineas del mismo; quisimos saber si el uso del basuco durante el embarazo podria tener tal efecto en los recien nacidos de madres consumidoras. Se midieron las concentraciones de plomo serico en 19 recien nacidos hijos de gestantes consumidoras de basuco y en 18 de sus madres, asi como en 20 parturientas no consumidoras y en 19 de sus hijos. Se utilizo un espectrofotometro de absorcion atomica Perkin-Elmer modelo 2380. Las madres se dividieron en 4 grupos segun el grado de consumo, asi leve, moderado, intenso y ninguno. Las cifras promedio y las DE encontradas fueron respectivamente en los hijos13.5 mas o menos 9.4; 15.8 mas o menos 6.5; 16.6 mas o menos 7.8; 6.9 mas o menos 5.0 ug/dl, y en las madres, 13.3 mas o menos 4.6; 13.5 mas o menos 6.9; 16.2 mas o menos 4.9; 8.4 mas o menos 4.6 ug/dl. Las pruebas estadisticas demostraron diferencias altamente significativas entre las madres e hijos expuestos al basuco y la cohorte no expuesta; no existio diferencia entre las concentraciones segun el grado de consumo. Los altos niveles de plomo detectados ameritan seguimiento de los recien nacidos y estudios adicionales, con el fin de evaluar su repercusion a largo plazo

ABSTRACT

Obtention of cocaine clorhydrate from coca leaves requires the use of gasoline; therefore residues such as lead may remain in the base paste (basuca); the latter is smoked, under the name basuco, mixed with tobacco or marijuana; It is conceivable that the smoker takes up lead residues that Increase lead blood levels; we wanted to determine whether the use of basuco during pregnancy could produce such effect In the newborninfant. Serum lead concentrations were measured In 19 newborn children and In 18 of their mothers. The latter were basuco consumers. They were compared to those of 20 non consuming delivering women along with 19 of their newborn Infants. Measurements were performed on a Perkin-Palmer model 2380 atomic absorptionspectrophotometer. Women were divided in four groups according to the degree of consumption, as follows mild, moderate, Intense or non existent. Mean levels and SDs in the children were respectively 13.5 ± 9.4; 15.8 ± 6.5; 16.6 ± 7.8; 6.9 ± 5.0 ug/dl; and In their mothers 13.3 ± 4.6; 13.5 ± 6.9; 16.2 ± 4.9; 8.4 ± 4.6 ug/dl Statistic analysis revealed highly significant differences between mothers and children exposed to basuco and those that were not exposed. No difference was observed ac. cording to the degree of consumption. In conclusion: newborn from basuco consuming mothers have Increased lead blood levels; the long term effects of such alteration should be the subject of further studies