Investigation of the response of bread wheat cultivars to salinity by using callus cultures.

ABSTRACT

In this research, the response of four bread wheat cultivars (Bal-Atilla, Marmara-86, Seyhan-95, and Panda) to different NaCl concentrations (25.6, 51.3, 77.0, 99.4,119.7 mM) were investigated by using callus cultures. In the experiment, callus induction rates (%) and callus weights in solid and liquid MS media, callus weights in liquid MS media with different NaCl concentrations and in liquid MS media free NaCl concentrations, and callus weights and regeneration rates in MS solid media with NaCl concentrations were studied. Callus induction rates and weights were significantly different among genotypes. Callus weights in liquid MS media were higher than those obtained in the MS solid media. Panda cv. had the highest callus weight in the liquid MS media. Callus weights significantly decreased due to increased NaCl stress. Residual effect of NaCl concentrations on Calli weights was significant. Callus weights decreased due to increasing residue effects of NaCl concentrations. There was no cultivar resistance to salinity, high salinity and very high salinity concentrations. However, Panda cv. was more tolerant cultivar at the light salinity concentrations. Gametoclonal regeneration could not be obtained.