The Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Glycemic Status of Type Ii Diabetic Patients in Indian Population.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults in the world population. The association between periodontal disease and diabetes has long been hypothesized. Considering confirmation of treatment of periodontal disease positively influencing the glycemic control of Diabetes mellitus patients of great public importance because periodontal disease is both preventable and curable, the current study was planned. Improving periodontal health in a diabetic patient might improve their metabolic control and thereby decrease the associated morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: To reveal whether the suggested association between periodontal disease and diabetes could be found in a Type 2 Diabetic Indian population, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was carried out at the Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post-Graduate Research Institute, Parbhani. For assessing the effect of the periodontal treatments on metabolic control, no change in the medication or diet was made for the selected three groups during the study period. None of the groups received any additional guidance in managing their diabetic status. Statistical Analysis: The Student t-test was used to test the differences of age, sex and diabetic control methods between the treatment and control groups. The changes of PI, PPD, CAL and BOP values from baseline to 3rd month and 6th month within both groups were compared using unpaired t test. The significance of the metabolic parameters within the groups was assessed by unpaired t test. ANOVA were used to test changes from baseline and differences between the groups for any of the continuous variables assessed. Results: Results of this study showed that non-surgical periodontal treatment with and without antibiotic therapy (doxycycline) is associated with improved glycaemic control in type 2 DM patients and reduction of clinical parameters of periodontal infection, confirming the existing interrelationship between Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Conclusion: The interrelationships between periodontitis and diabetes provide an example of systemic disease predisposing to oral infection, and once that infection is established, the oral infection exacerbates systemic disease. An improved communication between dentists / periodontists and physicians / endocrinologists is therefore warranted to work together to improve the management of Diabetic patients.