Histopathological Spectrum of various gastroduodenal lesions in North India and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in these lesions: a prospective study.

ABSTRACT

Background: Gastroduodenal diseases are perhaps the commonest diseases in adult population worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represent one of the most common gastroduodenal infections and have been established as the etiologic factor in the development of various gastroduodenal diseases. Spectrum of H. pylori associated gastroduodenal diseases have not been systematically investigated in North India. So this study was carried out to determine the spectrum of gastroduodenal lesions on upper Gastro-Intestinal (GI) endoscopic biopsies and to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa in these lesions. Methods: Gastroduodenal mucosal biopsies of 100 patients from November 2012 to October 2013 in a tertiary care centre in north India were evaluated by routine histopathological methods and the presence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa in these lesions was determined. Results: An age range of 17 years to 80 years was observed with maximum cases in the 4th decade and a male to female ratio of 1.861. The most frequently observed lesions were chronic gastritis followed by duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. 5% cases showed unremarkable mucosa. H. pylori positivity was seen in 47% cases. 80% cases of duodenal ulcer, 68.75% cases of duodenitis, 50.56% cases of chronic gastritis, 50% cases of gastric ulcer & 40% cases of gastric carcinoma were positive for H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsies help to detect benign and malignant gastroduodenal diseases and to rule out H. pylori infection. Chronic gastritis was the most common gastroduodenal lesion followed by duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer showed strong positivity for H. pylori highlighting the role of this microorganism in the pathogenesis of these diseases.