A four year follow up study of filaria specific IgE response in individuals with hydrocele.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation in males infected with Wuchereria bancrofti. IgE response to a filarial allergen Sd30 was evaluated in hydrocele patients living in a W. bancrofti endemic region of Orissa, India. METHODS: IgE levels to Sd30, an antigenic fraction isolated from Setaria digitata, were determined by ELISA in sera from patients of filariasis (n = 93). IgG and IgM levels were also determined. RESULTS: It was observed that microfilaraemic patients with hydrocele (n = 16) exhibited considerably reduced (P < 0.01) IgE levels in comparison to hydrocele patients without microfilariae (n = 27) and to other filarial groups (elephantiasis, asymptomatic microfilaraemics). The reduced IgE response in microfilariae positive patients with hydrocele persisted even after a gap of four years in the majority of patients. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The results show low IgE levels in microfilaraemic patients with hydrocele in comparison to other groups in filaria endemic regions. The exact mechanism of this reduction in IgE is not known but these patients make a distinct group in filaria endemic regions and should be considered separately for immunological evaluation.