Effect of Sodium Chloride Extract of Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidum Seeds on Enteric Pathogens

ABSTRACT

Effect of sodium chloride extract of Dacryodes edulis (African pear) and Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) seeds on enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC25922); Salmonella typhi (clinical strain); Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical strain); Pseudomonas spp. (ATCC4853); Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) and  Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) were investigated using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution methods. Results revealed that the extracts have antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. In agar well diffusion method, the extracts were most effective at concentration 100 mg/ml as inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values ranges from 16.5 mm to 23 mm for African pear seed extract and 16.5 mm to 21.9 mm for African star apple seed extract. In the broth dilution method, the extracts were bacteriostatic at lower concentration and bactericidal at higher concentration against all test organisms.  Sodium chloride extract of African pear seed shows minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranges from 1.5625 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranges from 6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml respectively while sodium chloride extract of African star apple seed shows MIC values ranges from 6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and MBC values ranges from 25 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml respectively. In liquid broth medium, sodium chloride extract of African pear seed exhibited the highest activity against Pseudomonas as the least MIC (1.5625 mg/ml) and MBC (6.25 mg/ml) were recorded against the test organism. It is concluded that the sodium chloride extract of African pear and African star apple seeds showed potential antimicrobial activity of MIC and MBC ≤ 100 mg/ml, thus they have antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens. Hence, sodium chloride will be useful for extracting bioactive agents in African pear and African star apple seeds, thus this will help reduce the cost of extraction and incidence of intestinal diseases.