Linkage between Behavioural and Physiological Risk Factors with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Varanasi, India

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes is an important public health problem,one of our priority non communicable diseases (NCDs)targeted for action by world leaders. Both the number of casesand the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasingover the past few decades. The global prevalence of diabeteshas nearly doubled in year 2014 since 1980, rising from 4.7%to 8.5% in the adult population. Study objective was to findout risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among 40 yearand above in rural areas of Varanasi.Material and methods: A community based cross sectionalstudy was conducted in rural areas of Varanasi covering 40year and above. WHO, STEP approach was used for datacollection in this study. RBS and FBS blood sugar measuredand diagnosis was confirmed by WHO criteria. χ2 test wasapplied to find significant association.Results: The mean ±SD age of the study subject was55.19+11.92 years. The prevalence of smoking, alcoholintake, fruits consumption, vegetables consumption andphysical activity was 18.3%, 22.7%, 48.1%, 99.8% and 28.8%respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.1%.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found 15.5%and 32.5% respectively, while prevalence of hypertension was29%.Conclusion: Study showed that the association betweenphysiological risk factors such as obesity and hypertensionwith diabetes was statistically significant (p<0.05), whilebehavioural risk factors mentioned above were not statisticallysignificant (p>0.05).