Biopolymer Nanoparticles: A Review of Prospects for Application as Carrier for Therapeutics and Diagnostics

ABSTRACT

Biopolymer nanoparticles are molecules of interest in the direction of generation of new pre-diagnostic and treatmentstrategies with improved efficacy and specificity. Several methods have been developed to produce biopolymernanoparticles. These biopolymer nanoparticles had distinct properties such as size and charge according to the productionmethod affecting their targeting and drug encapsulation abilities. The present review highlighted the progress in thedevelopment of theronostic nanoparticles. The surface of the nanoparticles may be subjected to modification and be hiddenfrom the immune system, so that they can stay in blood circulation for a long time to achieve their intended outcome. Thesafety and efficacy of most of the generated nanoparticles systems were not tested in humans in details. The synthesizablenanoparticles that are generated using biodegradable and/or biocompatible building blocks have been easy to be consideredas important candidates for the usage in treatment and diagnostic evaluation plan. In-depth understanding and researchmust be achieved for better understanding of the mechanism of theranostic nanoparticles metabolism and their excretion outof the human body. An attempt to summarize the recent research studies in the field of therapeutics and diagnostics based onthe biopolymers was achieved in this review article