Clinicopathological Study of Cancer Larynx

ABSTRACT

Background: In India, laryngeal cancer contributes to approximately 3–6% of all cancers in men.Objective: The aim of this study was to study the clinicopathology of cancer larynx with respect to age, sex, site, complaints,histology, staging, and predisposing factors.Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 100 patients who were suffering from cancer larynx. A completeclinical history was taken from the patients. After the clinical diagnosis of growth larynx, the patients were prepared for directlaryngoscopy under general or local anesthesia. The lesions were visualized, the extent of growth defined, and biopsy taken andthen sent for histopathological examination. The staging of cancer larynx was done according to tumor, node, and metastasisclassification.Results: There were 80 male (80%) and 20 female (20%) patients. Maximum patients were in the age group of 51–60 years(40%). 54% showed supraglottic cancer, 45% had glottic cancer, and only 1% had subglottic cancer. In cases of supraglotticcancer, the most common complaint was difficulty in swallowing seen in all 54 patients; in cases of glottis cancer, the mostcommon complaint was hoarseness of voice seen in 88.88%. There was only 1 patient of subglottic cancer who presentedwith difficulty in swallowing and difficulty in breathing. Out of 100 cases, there were 99 cases of squamous cell carcinomawhereas there was only 1 case of adenocarcinoma. Out of total 100 patients, overall most common stage was Stage 2 (34%),followed by Stage 3 (25%), Stage 4a (16%), Stage 1 (15%), and Stage 4b (10%). Smoking was found to be the most commonpredisposing factor (92%), followed by alcohol intake (78%) and tobacco chewing (50%).Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients.