Marine sponge compounds with antiplasmodial properties: Focus on in vitro study against Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT

Malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many tropical countries. The lack of progressin drug discovery and the spread of drug resistance become the reason behind this. Porifera (sponges) is a potentialsource of novel bioactive compounds to provide future drugs against malaria. In this review, we summarized 243isolated molecules belonging to 35 different genera that active against Plasmodium falciparum from published paperuntil March 2019. The molecules were classified into potent, good, moderate, low, and inactive based on their IC50, andamong observed bioactive metabolites, there were 57 marine sponge molecules reported to act as potent antiplasmodiumagainst various strains of P. falciparum including drug resistance and nondrug resistance. Table 2 represents the listof isolated compounds with “potent” antimalarial activity. The class of the listed compounds includes manzaminealkaloid, guanidine alkaloids, bispyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, ingamine alkaloids,bromotyrosine alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpene formamides, aminoimidazole, β-galactosylceramides, β-lactam,meroterpene, trisoxazole macrolides, peroxides, thiazine alkaloids, and sterols. With this up-to-date review, we attemptto present new perspectives for the rational discovery of novel sponge metabolites that can be used as lead compoundsin antimalarial drug development.