Study on electrolytes variation in middle aged type 2 diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in comparison with normal individuals

Background: Chronic hypertension, cellular dehydration, features of renal failure, and lack of certain important electrolytes - all show an interconnected pattern of development during courses of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim and Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the electrolytes changes in short-term, middle-aged Type 2 diabetics and in diabetics, also associated with primary hypertension so as to evaluate the association of diabetes and hypertension on electrolytes metabolism. Materials and Methods: In the present study, estimation of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin was done by automatic analyzer. Similarly, serum electrolytes such as calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and phosphorus were estimated in different groups in the central laboratory, using auto analyzer. Results: It is evident in the present study that serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, and glycosylated hemoglobin showed a statistical significant variation in hypertensive diabetics compared to control and other groups. Whereas, serum creatinine is unchanged in any group. However, all these variations are within the normal expected range of the parameters, studied. Conclusion: Variation observed with all the electrolytes even in the initial stage of treatment in hypertensive, diabetics, and in hypertensive diabetics, suggesting to maintain electrolytes balance by alteration in dietary habits to prevent their deficiency/excess in these patients. Providing magnesium supplementation to these patients in the early diagnose phase may prevent further complications related to it.