Evaluation of the protective role of antioxidants: ?-tocopherol, vitamin C, and quercetin, against ibuprofen-induced renal damage in male Wistar rats

Background: Ibuprofen, commonly used in management of pains and inflammatory conditions, has been associated with renal damage. The protective role of antioxidants against Ibuprofen-induced renal damage in wistar rats were investigated in this study. Methods: The study was designed in two parts; first, to induce kidney damage and secondly, to determine protective role of antioxidants against ibuprofen-induced kidney injury. In the first phase, two groups of animals were used; one group treated with 120mg/kg ibuprofen daily for 14 days, while the other served as control and had distilled water. Serum malondialdehyde and kidney parameters were estimated after treatment and kidneys harvested for histology. In the protection study, animals were divided into five groups, with groups 1-4 having three sub-groups treated with 120mg/kg Ibuprofen and graded doses of vitamin E, vitamin C and quercetin respectively, while group five served as control. After 14days, antioxidant enzymes and kidney parameters were estimated, and the kidneys harvested for histology. Results: Showed significant (p<0.05) increase in malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, and uric-acid levels after ibuprofen administration. Conversely, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction in kidney parameters after co-administration of antioxidants with ibuprofen, with significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. Estimated antioxidant’s percentage protection showed vitamin E gave highest protection on the kidneys against ibuprofen-induced damage amongst others. Histology revealed atrophied glomeruli with widened capsular space, desquamated tubular epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes after ibuprofen administration, but showed normal histo-architecture after co-administration with antioxidants. Conclusion: Antioxidants such as ?-tocopherol, vitamin C, quercetin, protected against ibuprofen-induced renal damage in Wistar rats.